Scientists and engineers from the University of Bristol and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) have successfully developed the world’s first carbon-14 diamond battery. This groundbreaking innovation promises to revolutionize energy storage and power systems with its extraordinary longevity, capable of lasting thousands of years. Utilizing the radioactive isotope carbon-14, primarily known for its role in radiocarbon dating, the diamond battery represents a fusion of nuclear science and advanced materials engineering, offering a sustainable and virtually maintenance-free power source.
The carbon-14 diamond battery operates by harnessing the energy released during the radioactive decay of carbon-14. This isotope, which has a half-life of 5,700 years, emits beta particles during decay. These particles are captured by the diamond structure of the battery, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. In essence, the battery functions similarly to solar panels, which convert photons (light particles) into electricity. However, instead of relying on an external light source, the diamond battery generates power internally through the movement of fast electrons within the diamond.
One of the most promising aspects of this technology is its potential to address the limitations of conventional batteries. Standard batteries degrade over time, requiring frequent replacements that are both costly and environmentally burdensome. In contrast, diamond batteries are designed to provide continuous, low-power energy output for thousands of years without degradation. This makes them an ideal solution for applications where longevity and reliability are paramount.
A notable application for diamond batteries lies in the field of medicine. Bio-compatible versions of these batteries could power critical medical devices, such as ocular implants, hearing aids, and pacemakers. By eliminating the need for frequent replacements, these batteries would significantly reduce the physical and emotional burden on patients while lowering medical costs. For instance, a pacemaker powered by a diamond battery could potentially operate for the lifetime of the patient, providing uninterrupted support without the need for invasive surgical replacements.
The potential applications extend far beyond healthcare. Diamond batteries are uniquely suited for use in extreme environments where conventional battery replacement is impractical or impossible. In space exploration, for example, the batteries could power spacecraft, rovers, and satellite systems for decades, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing mission sustainability. On Earth, they could be deployed in remote or hazardous locations, such as deep-sea exploration equipment, environmental monitoring stations, and military systems. Additionally, diamond batteries could power active radio frequency (RF) tags for tracking and identifying devices over long periods, benefiting logistics, security, and industrial operations.
Professor Tom Scott from the University of Bristol emphasized the versatility of this micropower technology, stating, “Our micropower technology can support a whole range of important applications from space technologies and security devices through to medical implants. We’re excited to be able to explore all of these possibilities, working with partners in industry and research, over the next few years.”
The development of the carbon-14 diamond battery was made possible through a collaboration between the University of Bristol and UKAEA, leveraging expertise in nuclear science and materials engineering. A critical component of the project was the construction of a plasma deposition rig at UKAEA’s Culham Campus. This specialized equipment enabled the team to grow the diamond structures necessary for the battery, a process that is both complex and precise. By encasing carbon-14 within a manufactured diamond, the team ensured the safe containment of the radioactive material, eliminating the risks typically associated with radioactivity while enabling efficient energy capture.
The safety and sustainability of diamond batteries have been highlighted as key advantages. According to Sarah Clark, Director of Tritium Fuel Cycle at UKAEA, “Diamond batteries offer a safe, sustainable way to provide continuous microwatt levels of power. They are an emerging technology that use a manufactured diamond to safely encase small amounts of carbon-14.” The batteries’ robust design ensures that the radioactive material remains securely contained within the diamond, preventing leakage and minimizing environmental impact.
The expertise gained from fusion energy research played a significant role in the development of this innovative technology. UKAEA’s ongoing work in fusion energy, which involves handling and containing radioactive materials, provided critical insights and tools for the creation of the carbon-14 diamond battery. This highlights the broader value of fusion research, not only as a potential energy source but also as a catalyst for advancements in related fields.
Source: University of Bristol